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Traditional knowledge is a system of collective understandings transferred through communities across generations. It includes indigenous peoples' knowledge of the natural environment and the ecosystems they occupy, which is founded upon long-term and deeply meaningful connections between people and place. This means traditional knowledge often contains vital perspectives and information relevant tot he conservation of wildlife, especially in remote areas where academic research has been historically limited.

Climate change and urbanisation in combination put great pressure on terrestrial and ocean ecosystems, vital for subsistence and wellbeing in both rural and urban areas of Pacific islands

The development of the first Comprehensive Manual on Port Reception Facilities was agreed at the thirty second session of the Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in March 1992.