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Globally, mainstreaming nature and scaling the use of nature-based solutions (NbS) in cities is critical for reaching the Paris Agreement’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)4 and the Rio Conventions.

The important global, national and local benefits provided by protected areas may come at a cost to communities, and any resultant experience of injustice can undermine protected area conservation. Conversely, the success of many areas conserved by Indigenous Peoples and local communities makes a compelling case for the stronger engagement of local rights-holders and stakeholders in all types of protected area. The Convention on Biological Diversity recognises the need to govern and manage protected areas effectively and equitably; this briefing provides an equity framework to support policymakers, protected area managers, Indigenous Peoples, local communities and other local stakeholders in achieving this.

PACC reports

Reports from the PACC project

Technical report