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Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns and trends in economic costs of aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution of these costs across taxa, geographic regions, and cost types; (ii) the temporal dynamics of global costs; and (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on the costs recorded from the existing literature, the global cost of aquatic IAS conservatively summed to US$345 billion, with the majority attributed to invertebrates (62%), followed by vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest costs were reported in North America (48%) and Asia (13%) and were principally a result of resource damages (74%); only 6% of recorded costs were from management. The magnitude and number of reported costs were highest in the United States of America and for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries and known aquatic alien species had no reported costs, especially in Africa and Asia. Accordingly, a network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate cost reporting. Aquatic IAS costs have increased in recent decades by several orders of magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion in 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented compared to terrestrial IAS; only 5% of reported costs were from aquatic species, despite 26% of known invaders being aquatic. Additionally, only 1% of aquatic invasion costs were from marine species. Costs of aquatic IAS are thus substantial, but likely underreported. Costs have increased over time and are expected to continue rising with future invasions. We urge increased and improved cost reporting by managers, practitioners and researchers to reduce knowledge gaps. Few costs are proactive investments; increased management spending is urgently needed to prevent and limit current and future aquatic IAS damages.

Niue is a coral island atop an extinct volcano, with a beautiful array of caves, and chasms, and a breathtaking coastline fringed with vibrant coral reefs. Most of its goods are imported from New Zealand, but the resulting waste has to be managed on the island. There are several positive waste management activities such as a can recycling program, and a regular household waste collection system. Unfortunately, due to lack of appropriate infrastructure, and shortage of human and financial resources, most of the waste is poorly managed. This is of concern to the people of Niue, since poor waste management above ground can pollute the fresh water lens, which is the source of drinking water for the entire island.

This is the Federated States of Micronesia’s National Solid Waste Management Strategy (NSWMS) which provides the strategic vision and direction for solid waste management over the five year period 2010-2014. The Strategy has been developed in consultation with key stakeholders from each of the four States, as well as the private sector, NGOs, communities, and municipal and national government representatives.

This report presents the findings of a preliminary survey initiated and conducted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to assess the situation of the generated solid waste and the sewage conditions at the Aleipata and Lepa Districts following the tsunami which hit Samoa on Tuesday, 29th September 2009. The occurrence of the Tsunami event has resulted with the generation of large quantities of solid wastes deposited at 10 villages of the Aleipata and Lepa Districts. Wastes from fallen trees, damaged buildings and furniture as well as other destroyed properties were deposited along the coast towards 200m inland. The toilet facilities at these villages were all destroyed with the contents of most septic tanks being swept away by the waves leaving open ditches, while some partly damaged septic tanks still have active and unstable sludge. Samoa like most of the Pacific Islands does not have any special policy and strategy in place to provide a management framework to respond to such a situation. The findings of this preliminary survey are therefore very important in providing some baseline information and data to assist JICA in its post tsunami relief waste management works.

The Republic of Palau (Palau) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean with a tropical climate and average annual rainfall of approximately 4,000 mm. Palau’s population is approximately 20,000 (Census 2000). The majority of the population lives in Koror State, the capital of Palau; about 14,000 people, or 70% of the total. Like many countries in the Pacific Region, Palau has been facing various kinds of solid waste problems caused by the characteristics of the country, such as lifestyle, high dependence on imports, concentration of population in the capital, limited capacity for solid waste management (SWM), and lack of proper waste management facilities and recycling industries.

Five year project commencing from June 2015, between CEPA & JICA : The Project for Biodiversity Conservation through Implementation of the PNG Policy on Protected Areas. Targets: Provincial administrations, district administrations, and LLG governments surround the target Protected areas.

Shinichi Kitaoka JICA president, April 7, attended the public event to discuss are affected by the conflict, which the Brookings Institution (Washington DC) was organized, about the role of development in highly vulnerable areas, keynote with perform, it took part in the panel discussion. (In an unstable region, how to realize the development), "Securing Development in Insecure Places" in the this event, titled, US State Department of Sharon Morris Deputy Assistant Secretary (Near East, the Western Hemisphere and Europe in charge), Georgetown University Edmund • a • Walsh diplomacy School of Joel Hermann science director, Brookings Institution Bruce Jones Vice-President and foreign policy program director (or more panelists), Homi crow Senior Fellow and global economy and development program of the Institute deputy director (moderator, moderator) will participate, for the role of development aid in conflict-vulnerable region, lively discussion from a professional point of view have been made. It should be noted that, in the event, the US government, development agencies, universities and research institutes, diplomatic corps, and the private sector, NGO, mass media, etc. about 120 people took part. Kitaoka Chairman, in the keynote speech, reviewing the history of parallel Japan of international cooperation, which began from Asia and the post-war compensation, but was also failures and inadequacies, generally the experience that helped the Asian countries of the development-oriented Although it was a success, it said to have contributed significantly to job creation and poverty reduction through the stabilization of the country, the economic development.