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The dual mandate for many protected areas (PAs) to simultaneously promote recreation and conserve biodiversity may be hampered by negative effects of recreation on wildlife.

Mangrove is a type of forest growing along tidal mudflats and along shallow water coastal areas extending inland along rivers, streams and their tributaries where the water is generally brackish. The mangrove ecosystem is dominated by mangrove trees as the primary producer interacting with associated aquatic fauna, social and physical factors of the coastal environment.