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Tuvalu is the fourth smallest nation in the world with a population of 11,000. Tuvalu is made up of nine inhabited islands five which are coral atolls and four made of land rising from the seabed. The environmental challenges Tuvalu faces include the impacts if a changing climate increasing sea level rises and weather events, increasing salination.

The scale of climate change adaptation investments demands robust assessments of the expected and actual returns. We need to know how effectively adaptation keeps development on track and equally importantly how equitably adaptation costs and benefits are distributed. Adaptation initiatives may be placed into three broad categories: addressing the existing ‘adaptation deficit’; managing incremental changes in climate-related risks; and proactively addressing the more profound longer term manifestations and impacts of climate change by transforming or replacing existing systems and practices.

Invasive alien species on islands have broad impacts across biodiversity, agriculture, economy , health and culture, which tend to be stronger than on contitents.